301 research outputs found
Rethinking North America: Why NAFTA\u27s Laissez Faire Approach to Integration is Flawed, and What to Do about it
An essay is presented on the status of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) as of July 2011, focusing on the strong support shown to the international law by European countries as compared to the U.S., as well as the role of regional trade agreements such as NAFTA in furthering the globalization movement. John F. Murphy\u27s book The United States and the Rule of Law in International Affairs is also mentioned
NAFTA and the Regulation of Financial and Other Services
This PDF contains a central article and response articles, these are then followed by a short discussion piece
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF REPAIRED AND UNREPAIRED DAMAGE TO TRILOBITES FROM THE CAMBRIAN (STAGE 4, DRUMIAN) IBERIAN CHAINS, NE SPAIN
Repaired fossil skeletons provide the opportunity to study predation rates, repair mechanisms, and ecological interactions in deep time. Trilobites allow the study of repaired damage over long time periods and large geographic areas due to their longevity as a group, global distribution, and well-preserved mineralized exoskeletons. Repair frequencies on trilobites from three sites representing offshore marine environments in the Iberian Chains (Spain) show no injuries on 45 complete redlichiid thoraces from Minas Tierga (Huérmeda Formation, Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4), or 23 complete Eccaparadoxides pradoanus thoraces from Mesones de Isuela (Murero Formation, Cambrian Series 3, Drumian). Ten injuries on 69 E. pradoanus thoraces from Purujosa (Murero Formation, Cambrian Series 3, Drumian) were noted. There is no evidence for laterally asymmetric predation or size selection on the trilobites in this study. Weak evidence for selection for the rear of the thorax is documented. A series of injured trilobites illustrates four stages of the healing process. Analysis of injury locations and frequency suggests that injuries to these trilobites are predatory in origin. Semilandmark analysis of previously described exoskeletons with unrepaired damage assigned to the ichnotaxon Bicrescomanducator serratus alongside newly collected damaged exoskeletons from Purujosa (Mansilla and Murero Formations, Stage 5, Drumian), Mesones de Isuela (Murero Formation, Drumian), and Minas Tierga (Huérmeda Formation, Stage 4) found that shapes of biotic and abiotic breaks could not be distinguished.Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Reino UnidoInstitute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, SuizaPaleoscience Research Centre School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, AustraliaUnidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaUnidad Asociada en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, Españ
Ethyl 6-methyl-4-[2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)thiophen-3-yl]-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate
A new Biginelli compound, C18H25BN2O4S2, containing a boronate ester group was synthesized from a lithium bromide-catalysed reaction. The compound crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit that differ mainly in the conformation of the ester functionality. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds involving the 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione NH groups as donors and the carbonyl O and thiophene S atoms as acceptors
PCAT-DE: Reconstructing point-like and diffuse signals in astronomical images using spatial and spectral information
Observational data from astronomical imaging surveys contain information
about a variety of source populations and environments, and its complexity will
increase substantially as telescopes become more sensitive. Even for existing
observations, measuring the correlations between point-like and diffuse
emission can be crucial to correctly inferring the properties of any individual
component. For this task information is typically lost, either because of
conservative data cuts, aggressive filtering or incomplete treatment of
contaminated data. We present the code PCAT-DE, an extension of probabilistic
cataloging designed to simultaneously model point-like and diffuse signals.
This work incorporates both explicit spatial templates and a set of
non-parametric Fourier component templates into a forward model of astronomical
images, reducing the number of processing steps applied to the observed data.
Using synthetic Herschel-SPIRE multiband observations, we demonstrate that
point source and diffuse emission can be reliably separated and measured. We
present two applications of this model. For the first, we perform point source
detection/photometry in the presence of galactic cirrus and demonstrate that
cosmic infrared background (CIB) galaxy counts can be recovered in cases of
significant contamination. In the second we show that the spatially extended
thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect signal can be reliably measured even
when it is subdominant to the point-like emission from individual galaxies.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astronomical
Journa
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